Allgemeines zu Laser in General

Indikationen Liste von ausgewahlten verschiedenen Lasertypen

Einsatz verschiedener gepulster und gütegeschalteter Laser.

Indikation zur Lasertherapie

Alternativen zur Lasertherapie

English glossary concerning lasertechnology

• absorb - To take up matter or energy.
• absorption - Transformation of radiant energy to a different form of energy by the passage through, or reflection from, matter.
• absorption coefficient - A measure of how strongly light is absorbed in a particular material. A large number indicates strong absorption.
• active medium - Collection of atoms or molecules capable of undergoing stimulated emission. 
• amplitude - Magnitude or height of an electromagnetic wave.
• argon - A noble gas used as an active medium in some lasers. An argon laser emits blue-green light.
• attenuation - The decreasing intensity (power) of light as it passes through a medium, caused by the interaction of the photons with the medium.
• beam - A collection of electromagnetic rays that may be parallel, Convergent, or divergent.
• chromophore - A colored material in tissue (generally melanin or hemoglobin) that absorbs laser light.
• coherent radiation - Electromagnetic energy of the same wavelength and phase.
• collimated - Parallel. Laser light is collimated because all of the rays are parallel to each other. 
• continuous wave - A Constant delivery of laser energy without pulses.
• diode - An electronic device that allows current to flow one direction but not the reverse direction. 
• divergence - Angle of spread on the outer edges of a laser beam.
• electromagnetic spectrum - The entire spectrum of energies (wavelengths and frequencies) emitted by atomic systems. The ETD spectrum ranges from long wavelength radio waves and microwaves, through visible light, to the short wavelength, high energy ionizing radiation of X-rays and cosmic rays. 
• electron - Negatively charged part of an atom.
• emission - Any radiation of energy by means of particles or electromagnetic waves.
• energy - A measurement of the capacity to do work. The energy (in joules) produced by a laser is defined as the amount of power (in watts) multiplied by the duration (in seconds) of the pulse.
• excited state - An atom with an electron in a higher energy level than the ground state.
• fiberoptics - Thin, flexible devices used to carry light or other optical energy.
• focal length - The distance between the focusing lens and the point at which the smallest spot size of the light beam is achieved.
• focus - The point at which light rays converge to form the smallest possible beam diameter, thus achieving the greatest power density.
• frequency - The number of waves that pass a fixed point per unit time. The frequency of a wave is the inverse of its wavelength.
• ground state - The lowest energy level of an atom, also known as the resting state.
• intensity - The power transmitted by a light wave across a unit area perpendicular to the wave.
• laser plume - Smoke, water vapor, and airborne particles that are the byproducts of laser vaporization.
• melanin - The pigment that gives color to the skin. It is located at the junction between the epidermis and the dermis and in hair follicles.
• micron - A measurement of distance representing one one-millionth of a meter or 1,000 manometers.
• monochromatic - Literally, "of one color." Laser light is monochromatic because it consists of electromagnetic radiation having very small range of wavelengths.
• optical cavity - The space between the mirrors in which lasing occurs; also known as the resonator.
• optically pumped laser - A laser in which the medium is excited by absorption of light from an external source (often xenon flash-lamps).
• oxyhemoglobin - The oxygenated form of hemoglobin in the blood.
• photon - A small discrete packet of light energy.
• population inversion - A state in which an active medium has been excited so that more of its atoms or molecules are in excited states compared to the number in the ground or resting state.
• Power density, - The power of a laser beam er unit area. It is measured in watts per square centimeter.
• Besmirching - A method of switching a laser on and off in which energy is stored within the lasing medium and then suddenly released in a short, single burst (approximately 30 nanoseconds) resulting in extremely high peak power output.
• radiation - The emission and/or propagation of energy through space or through a medium in the form of either waves or particle emission.
• semiconductor - a material that will not conduct electricity below a certain threshold voltage but become a conductor of electricity at higher voltages
• spontaneous emission - Spontaneous decay of an excited atom to a ground or resting state causing the emission of one photon. 
• spot size - Diameter of the laser beam spot.
• stimulated emission - Emission of a photon from an excited atom triggered by the proximity of the atom to another photon of similar energy.
• thermal relaxation time - The time it takes heat energy to diffuse out of a tissue. If the thermal relaxation time of a tissue is longer than the duration of a laser pulse, thermal damage will be limited to the tissue treated and will not spread to adjacent tissues.
• wave - A progressive disturbance propagated from point to point in space or in a medium.
• wavelength - The distance from one wave peak to the next. The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is the inverse of the wave's frequency.

Deutschsprachiges Glossar bezuglich Lasertechnologie 

• CW : Die Laserrohre produziert eine vorgewahlte, kontinuierliche Intensitat mit lediglich kleiner oder fehlender Variabilitat im sogenannten Dauerstrichbetrieb. CO2-Laser.
• Laser : Es wird in einem Gerat eine koharente gerichtete elektromagnetische Welle durch einen Ubergang eines stimulierten Elektrons oder Molekuls in energetisch tiefer liegende Zustande erzeugt.
• Energiedichte: Energie pro bestrahlter Flache, Zusammenhang mit der Ausgangsleistung des Lasergerats und dem Fokusdurchmesser [W/cm²].
• Pumpen: Transport von Energie in ein aktives Lasermedium, zum Beispiel in Form von Licht, elektrischer Spannung oder Laserenergie eines vorgeschalteten Lasers. Dabei wird nur ein Teil der zugefuhrten Energie in Laserenergie umgewandelt, der Rest geht meist in Form von Abwarme verloren [Wirkungsgrad].
• SP : Die Laserrohre generiert elektronisch gesteuert in rascher Folge Impulse, die energetisch zwei-bis zehnmal hoher liegen, als die mit der gleichen Rohre produzierbare Energie im CW moglich ware. SP ist durch die kurzen Impulse (< l ms) wesentlich gewebsschonender als . Zwischenstellung zwischen Dauerstrich und gepulsten Lasern.